Kosakata IELTS Writing Task 1
Kumpulan lengkap kosakata dan chunk (frasa siap pakai) yang frekuensinya tinggi di Academic Task 1. Prinsip: hafal chunk-nya, bukan kata satuan — chunk langsung bawa grammar dan kolokasi yang benar.
Struktur Task 1 sebagai konteks:
+--------------------------------------------------+ | INTRO : 1 kalimat, parafrase soal | | OVERVIEW : 1-2 kalimat, tren besar TANPA angka| | BODY 1 : detail + angka, kelompok logis | | BODY 2 : detail + angka, kelompok logis | | (TIDAK ADA opini / "in conclusion") | +--------------------------------------------------+
Prioritas hafalan (waktu mepet 2 minggu)
- ☐ Wajib duluan (80% dari semua soal): Bagian 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
- ☐ Menyusul: Bagian 1, 2, 8
- ☐ Terakhir tapi JANGAN skip: Bagian 10 (process) dan 11 (maps)
- ☐ Bagian 9 hanya kalau grafik ada tahun masa depan
1. Intro — parafrase soal
| Kata di soal | Ganti dengan |
|---|---|
| shows | illustrates / compares / provides information about / gives data on |
| chart / graph | bar chart, line graph, pie chart, table, diagram |
| percentage | proportion / share |
| number | figure / quantity |
| people | individuals / residents / inhabitants |
| from 1990 to 2010 | between 1990 and 2010 / over a period of 20 years / over two decades |
| in three countries | across three nations |
Chunk pembuka baku:
- The line graph illustrates...
- The table compares X in terms of Y...
- The diagram shows the process by which...
- The two maps illustrate how X changed between... and...
2. Overview — chunk wajib
Overview adalah penentu band terbesar di Task Achievement. Tanpa overview → mentok band 5.
- Overall, ...
- Overall, it is clear that...
- The most striking feature is that...
- X was consistently higher than Y throughout the period
- All categories experienced an upward/downward trend, with the exception of...
- Despite some fluctuation, ...
Aturan: tren besar saja, TANPA angka spesifik.
3. Verba tren (CORE)
| Fungsi | Verba |
|---|---|
| Naik | rise, increase, grow, climb, go up |
| Naik tajam/cepat | surge, soar, rocket, shoot up, jump |
| Turun | fall, decline, decrease, drop, dip |
| Turun tajam | plummet, plunge, slump |
| Stabil | remain stable / steady / constant / unchanged, level off, plateau, stabilise |
| Fluktuasi | fluctuate, oscillate, vary |
| Recover | recover, rebound, bounce back |
Hampir semua punya versi noun — penting buat variasi struktur (lihat Bagian 5): a rise, an increase, a fall, a decline, a drop, a surge, a dip, a peak, a trough
4. Adverb / adjective derajat & kecepatan
| Derajat | Adverb | Bentuk adjective |
|---|---|---|
| Besar | dramatically, sharply, significantly, substantially, considerably, markedly | a dramatic/sharp/significant rise |
| Sedang | moderately, noticeably | a moderate/noticeable increase |
| Kecil | slightly, marginally, modestly | a slight/marginal fall |
| Cepat | rapidly, quickly, swiftly | a rapid growth |
| Lambat/stabil | gradually, steadily, slowly, consistently | a gradual/steady decline |
Kolokasi aman: rise sharply, fall dramatically, increase gradually, decline steadily, grow rapidly
JANGAN: increase strongly, fall deeply
5. Dua struktur kalimat inti
Drill sampai otomatis:
| Struktur | Contoh |
|---|---|
| Verb + adverb | Sales rose sharply from X to Y. |
| There was + adj + noun | There was a sharp rise in sales, from X to Y. |
| Subjek + saw/experienced | X saw / experienced / witnessed / underwent a sharp rise. |
| Periode sebagai subjek | The period saw a threefold increase in... |
6. Angka & data
- at 25% / stood at 25% / accounted for 25% / represented a quarter
- rose from 20% to 45% / by 25 percentage points
- reached a peak of... / peaked at... in 2005
- hit a low of... / fell to its lowest point/level
- doubled / tripled / halved / increased threefold / fourfold
- twice as high as / three times higher than
Aproksimasi: approximately, roughly, around, just over, just under, slightly more than, nearly, almost, well over
Pecahan: a quarter, a third, half, two-thirds, three-quarters, the (vast) majority, a (small) minority, a fifth
7. Perbandingan
- X was significantly/considerably/slightly higher than Y
- by far the highest / the most popular category
- whereas / while / in contrast / by contrast / conversely
- similarly / likewise / a similar pattern can be seen in...
- X overtook Y in 2005 (nyalip)
- the gap between X and Y narrowed/widened
- X lagged behind Y / Y trailed X
- respectively → France and Spain recorded 30% and 25% respectively
- the former... the latter...
8. Waktu & sequencing
- over the period / throughout the period / during the first decade
- at the beginning/start of the period... by the end of the period...
- in the following/subsequent years / thereafter / from then on / from this point onwards
- prior to 2000 / before this date
- by 2010 ≠ in 2010 — "by" artinya pada titik itu SUDAH tercapai
- over the next five years / in the space of a decade
9. Prediksi (grafik dengan tahun masa depan)
- is expected to / is projected to / is predicted to / is forecast to rise
- is likely to reach...
- will have doubled by 2030
10. Process diagram
Set kosakata terpisah, wajib passive voice. Sering bikin panik pas exam — jangan skip.
Pembuka & jumlah tahap:
- The process consists of / involves six main stages
Sequencing:
- First / To begin with / At the first stage
- Following this / Subsequently / After that
- Once X has been completed
- At the final stage / Finally
Passive verbs frekuensi tinggi:
- is collected, is transported, is heated, is filtered, is stored, is packaged, is delivered
Struktur lanjutan:
- before being + V3 → the water is filtered before being bottled
- whereupon / at which point
- Siklus: the process then repeats / returns to the first stage
11. Maps
Lokasi:
- to the north/south of, on the western side, adjacent to, opposite, in the city centre, on the outskirts
Perubahan (passive lagi):
- was demolished / was knocked down
- was constructed / was built
- was converted into
- was replaced by
- was extended / was expanded
- was relocated to
Chunk penilai:
- The area underwent significant development / was transformed dramatically
- made way for → the forest made way for a housing estate
12. Penghubung antar-kalimat
However, / Nevertheless, / In addition, / Furthermore, / Meanwhile, / As a result, / Notably, / Interestingly,
Aturan: jangan spam — 1 per 2-3 kalimat cukup.
Peringatan pola error pribadi
| Error | Salah | Benar |
|---|---|---|
| "level" nempel di uncountable noun | the proportion of households | |
| Artikel pada countable vs uncountable | a sharp rise (countable) / sharp growth (uncountable, tanpa artikel) | |
| Overclaiming absolut | ownership generally rose / rose overall |
Progress drill
- ☐ Bagian 3-4: verba tren + adverb — tulis 10 kalimat
- ☐ Bagian 5: dua struktur inti — konversi 5 kalimat bolak-balik (verb ↔ noun form)
- ☐ Bagian 6-7: angka + perbandingan — deskripsikan 1 tabel dummy
- ☐ Bagian 1-2: intro + overview — parafrase 5 soal
- ☐ Bagian 10: process diagram — tulis 1 full response
- ☐ Bagian 11: maps — tulis 1 full response
- ☐ Simulasi timed 20 menit × 3